Paris quadrifolia (Herb-Paris)
Summary
Summary 
Ecology
A rhizomatous, perennial herb of moist, calcareous, usually ancient, woodland, and occasionally found in grikes on open limestone pavement. It flowers and fruits most freely in the open stages of the coppice cycle, but persists in deep shade, and is well adapted to such conditions in managed woodland. Generally lowland, but reaching 360 m at Great Asby Scar (Westmorland) and Garrigill (Cumberland).
Status
Trends
Many sites for P. quadrifolia were lost in N. England and central Scotland before 1930, and since then there has been some decline in S.E. England through the destruction and coniferisation of woodland. It may spread into secondary woods which are adjacent to primary woodland.
World Distribution
Eurosiberian Boreo-temperate element.
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© K.J. Walker, BSBI
Photos
Photos
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Paris quadrifolia, Grass Wood© K.J. Walker, BSBI
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Paris quadrifolia, Loggerheads, vc51© P. Shannon -
Paris quadrifolia, Loggerheads, vc51© P. Shannon -
Paris quadrifolia, Loggerheads, vc51© P. Shannon -
Paris quadrifolia, Loggerheads, vc51© P. Shannon -
Paris quadrifolia, Rhewl, vc50© P. Shannon
Maps
Maps
NBN Hectad Map
BSBI Hectad Map
BSBI Tetrad Map
New Atlas
Habitats
Habitats
Broad Habitats
Light (Ellenberg): 3
Moisture (Ellenberg): 6
Reaction (Ellenberg): 7
Nitrogen (Ellenberg): 6
Salt Tolerance (Ellenberg): 0
January Mean Temperature (Celsius): 3.2
July Mean Temperature (Celsius): 15.3
Annual Precipitation (mm): 877
Life Form
Life Form
Height (cm): 40
Perennation - primary
Perennation - secondary
Life Form - primary
Life Form - secondary
Woodiness
Clonality - primary
Clonality - secondary
Distribution
Distribution
Count of 10km squares in Great Britain: 714
Count of 10km squares in Ireland: 0
Count of 10km squares in the Channel Isles: 0
Atlas Change Index: -0.68
Conservation Status
Conservation Status
Plantatt Conservation Status
JNCC Designations
Other Accounts
Other Accounts
External Species Accounts
References
References
PLANTATT - Attributes of British and Irish plants. (.zip 1455KB) This dataset was compiled and published in 2004, and last updated in November 2008. Download includes an Excel spreadsheet of the attributes, and a PDF explaining the background and nomenclature. Note that the PDF version is the booklet as published, whereas the Excel spreadsheet incorporates subsequent corrections.
A hardcopy can be purchased from the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology.
Atlas text references
Atlas (317b) . 1986. Atlas of north European vascular plants north of the Tropic of Cancer. 3 vols. . 1996. Flora Britannica. . 1965. Vergleichende Chorologie der zentraleuropäischen Flora. Volume 1. 2 vols.
