Red Listing and Indicators | Biological Records Centre

Current Activity

In the past, species’ status was often assessed on expert opinion, or by counting the number of occupied grid cells. Our recent work has used computer simulations of the recording process to inform how we can estimate the trends in species status over decadal timescales. BRC is working with recording schemes, government agencies and partner organisations to derive quantitative trend estimates and other metrics for use in Red Listing and the development of biodiversity indicators to assess the 2020 ‘Aichi targets’.

Key Outputs

Building upon earlier atlases, trend estimates were presented in recent atlases for ladybirds (2011), hoverflies (2011), dragonflies (2014) and bryophytes (2014). We continue to work with recording scheme experts to extend the availability of trend information to a much wider set of species groups. The State of Nature Reports (2013 & 2019) to which BRC contributed trends for over 1,000 species, highlighted declines in UK wildlife. The Priority Species Indicator tracks changes in the status of over 200 species of conservation concern.

Growth in threatened species status assessments

Figure: Nick Isaac, CEH.

The cumulative number of UK taxa (species and subspecies) that have been formally assessed against criteria for conservation prioritisation.

Provisional extinction risk assessment of 1026 species using biological records.

Figure: Nick Isaac, CEH

Species were assessed against IUCN criterion A2c, based on rates of decline in frequency of occurrence since 2000. The categories are Critically Endangered (CR: >80% decline), Endangered (EN: >50%), Vulnerable (VU: >30%), Near Threatened (NT: >20%) and Least Concern (LC: stable or increasing).

The Priority Species Indicator, using biological records

Photo: © JNCC

For the first time in 2013, the UK Government published a biodiversity indicator based solely on opportunistic biological records data. The indicator included ~230 insects (mostly moths & bees) listed as conservation priorities by the four national governments of the UK.

Future Challenges

Sophisticated statistics make it possible to estimate quantitative measures of species’ trends (IUCN criterion A) and range size (criterion B) using biological records. In doing so, these models make a number of assumptions about how the data are collected. As analytical tools become more widely adopted, our challenge is to harmonize how criteria are applied across taxa and regions. Clear guidelines are needed to resolve conflicts between model results and expert opinion in order to provide robust species trend information.

References

	Outhwaite Charlotte L., Powney Gary D., August Tom A., Chandler Richard E., Rorke Stephanie, Pescott Oliver L., Harvey Martin, Roy Helen E., Fox Richard, Roy David B., Alexander Keith, Ball Stuart, Bantock Tristan, Barber Tony, Beckmann Björn C., Cook Tony, Flanagan Jim, Fowles Adrian, Hammond Peter, Harvey Peter, Hepper David, Hubble Dave, Kramer John, Lee Paul, Macadam Craig, Morris Roger, Norris Adrian, Palmer Stephen, Plant Colin W., Simkin Janet, Stubbs Alan, Sutton Peter, Telfer Mark, Wallace Ian, Isaac Nick J. B. (2019) Annual estimates of occupancy for bryophytes, lichens and invertebrates in the UK, 1970–2015. ,
	Dennis Emily B., Morgan Byron J. T., Fox Richard, Roy David B., Brereton Tom M. (2019) Functional data analysis of multi-species abundance and occupancy data sets. ,
	August T.A., Siriwardena G., Isaac N. J. B. (2019) United Kingdom Terrestrial Evidence Partnership of Partnerships data products: improving opportunities for re-use. JNCC, Peterborough
	Emmett B., Alexander M., Alison J., Anthony S., Ballinger R., Bell C., Bowgen K, Cooper D., Cosby J., Dickie I., Ditchburn B., Edwards F., Engledew M., Fitch A., Frost N., Garbutt R.A., Gooday R., Hatfield J., Henrys P., Hull S., Jenkins T., Jones L., Kettel E., Logie M., Lyons H., Maclean K., Mant J., Maskell L.C., Matthews R., Petr M., Powney G.R., Read D., Robinson D.A., Siriwardena G., Smart S.M., Steadman C., Thomas A., Thomas D., Thomas T., Tye A., Vieno M., Williams B., Wood C. (2019) Environment and Rural Affairs Monitoring & Modelling Programme - ERAMMP Year 1 Report 11: Year 1 Summary. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor
	Fox Richard, Harrower Colin A., Bell James R., Shortall Chris R., Middlebrook Ian, Wilson Robert J. (2019) Insect population trends and the IUCN Red List process. ,
RN253	Boakes Elizabeth H, Isaac Nick J. B., Fuller Richard A, Mace Georgina M, McGowan Philip JK (2018) Examining the relationship between local extinction risk and position in range. ,
RN378	Burns F., Eaton M. A., Hayhow D. B., Outhwaite C. L., Fulaij Al, August T.A., Boughey K. L., Brereton T., Brown A., Bullock D. J., Gent T., Haysom K. A., Isaac Nick J. B., Johns D. G., Macadam C. R., Mathews F., Noble D. G., Powney Gary D., Sims D. W., Smart S. M., Stroh P., Walker K. J., Webb J. R., Webb T. J., Gregory R. D. (2018) An assessment of the state of nature in the United Kingdom: A review of findings, methods and impact. ,
733	Sutton Peter G., Beckmann B, Nelson Brian (2017) The current status of Orthopteroid insects in Britain and Ireland. ,
RN283	Dennis Emily B, Morgan Byron JT, Roy D. B., Brereton Tom M (2017) Urban indicators for UK butterflies. ,
622	Burns F., Eaton Mark A, Barlow K.E., Beckmann B, Brereton Tom M., Brooks D.R., Brown Peter M. J., Fulaij Al, Gent T., Henderson Ian G, Noble David G., Parsons M.S., Powney Gary D., Roy Helen E., Stroh P., Walker Kevin J., Wilkinson J.W., Wotton S.R., Gregory R.D. (2016) Agricultural management and climatic change are the major drivers of biodiversity change in the UK. ,